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| | | | | dairy product by Webmaster | | | Co-generation for Rice and Sugar Industries
Co-generation is the concept of producing two forms of energy from one fuel. One of the forms of energy must always be heat and the other may be electricity or mechanical energy. In a conventional power plant, fuel is burnt in a boiler to generate high-pressure steam. This steam is used to drive a turbine, which in turn drives an alternator through a steam turbine to produce electric power. The exhaust steam is generally condensed to water which goes back to the boiler.
As the low-pressure steam has a large quantum of heat which is lost in the process of condensing, the efficiency of conventional power plants is only around 35%. In a cogeneration plant, very high efficiency levels, in the range of 75%–90%, can be reached. This is so, because the low-pressure exhaust steam coming out of the turbine is not condensed, but used for heating purposes in factories or houses.
Since co-generation can meet both power and heat needs, it has other advantages as well in the form of significant cost savings for the plant and reduction in emissions of pollutants due to reduced fuel consumption.
Cogeneration (also combined heat and power, CHP) is the use of a heat engine or a power station to simultaneously generate both electricity and useful heat.
Common CHP plant types are:
Gas turbine CHP plants using the waste heat in the flue gas of gas turbines
Combined cycle power plants adapted for CHP
Steam turbine CHP plants that use the heating system as the steam condenser for the steam turbine.
Molten-carbonate fuel cells have a hot exhaust, very suitable for heating.
Cogeneration in the European Union currently generates 11% of its electricity using cogeneration, saving Europe an estimated 35Mtoe per annum a day.
existing cogeneration and trigeneration power/energy plants in the United States:
* Produce almost 10% of the electric power generated each year.
* Saves our natural resources and decreases the demand for OPEC oil imports due to
cogeneration and trigeneration's much higher efficiencies.
* Trigeneration energy/power plants reach and exceed 90% efficiency.
* Saves building owners and companies over $5 billion/year in energy costs.
* Decreases energy consumption by almost 1.3 trillion BTUs/year.
* Reduces nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions by 0.4 million tons/year.
* Reduces sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions by over 0.9 million tons/year.
* Prevents the release of over 35 million metric tons of carbon equivalent into the
atmosphere.
Even at conservative estimates, the potential of power generation from co-generation in India is more than 20,000 MW.
Since India is the largest producer of sugar, rice in the world, bagasse-based cogeneration is being promoted. The potential for cogeneration thus lies in facilities with joint requirement of heat and electricity, primarily sugar and rice mills, distilleries, petrochemical sector and industries such as fertilizers, steel, chemical, cement, pulp and paper, and aluminum.
By-product heat at moderate temperatures (212-356°F/100-180°C) can also be used in absorption chillers for cooling. A plant producing electricity, heat and cold is sometimes called trigeneration or more generally polygeneration plant.
| | | | Article Source : Article-treasure.com | | Publication date : 03-28-2009 | | | | Article by Webmaster | | | | This news is brought to you by Pixie Consulting Solutions Ltd (PCSL). PCSL is the proud exhibitor of the three mega international expos namely ILDEX India 2009, ISRMEX India 2009 and IIREX India 2009.
| | | | Keywords : piggery expo, livestock and dairy, aqua products. | | | | | |
